Chapter Summary
Compounds of carbon are called organic compounds because previously such compounds came from organic sources only.
The valency of carbon is 4 and it makes covalent compounds.
A bond formed by sharing of electrons is called covalent bond.
Compounds of carbon with hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. There are two types:
All the bonds are single bonds in saturated hydrocarbon.
They are called alkane and general formula is CnH2n + 2
Examples: Methane, Ethane, Butane
At least one bond is either a double bond or a triple bond.
Those with a double bond are called alkene and general formula is CnH2n
Those with a triple bond are called alkyne and general formula is CnH2n - 2
Organic compounds with ring-like structure are called cyclic hydrocarbon, e.g. Benzene
Single atom or group of atoms with distinct chemical property is called functional group, e.g. halogen group, carboxyl group, aldehyde group, alcohol group, ketone group, alkyl group, etc.
Formula: C2H5OH
Is also known as ethyl alcohol or spirit.
It is soluble in water.
Formula: C2H5COOH
It is also known as acetic acid.
Vinegar is 5% to 8% solution of ethanoic acid in water.