Crop Production
Extra Questions
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1: Explain the structure of a plough.
Answer: A plough is composed of ploughshare and ploughshaft. The ploughshare is triangular in shape and is made of iron. The ploughshaft is made of wood and is very long. It is harnessed to a pair of bullocks or other cattle with the help of a beam.
Question 2: Explain the structure of traditional seed drill.
Answer: The traditional seed drill is composed of a funnel with a long and pointed neck. It is attached to the ploughshaft. Seeds are kept in the funnel and they drop slowly through the neck, while the field is being tilled. The pointed neck of the seed drill pierces the soil and seed goes deep into the soil.
Question 3: What is the difference between kharif and rabi?
Answer:
| Kharif | Rabi |
|---|---|
| These crops are grown during rainy season. | These crops are grown during winter season. |
| These crops require plenty of water. | These crops require less water. |
| Examples: paddy, maize, soyabean, etc. | Examples: wheat, mustard, gram, etc. |
Question 4: What is the significance of ploughing?
Answer: Significance of Ploughing:
- This allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil.
- Loose soil allows the root tips to breathe easily when they go deep into the soil.
- It allows proper mixing of nutrients from humus into the soil.
- Loosening of soil brings nutrients and minerals to the top and thus plants are able to utilize these minerals.
Question 5: Write a brief note on fertilizers.
Answer: Fertilisers are chemicals which contain a particular plant nutrient. Fertilizers are made in factories. Urea, ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, potash and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) are examples of fertilizers.
Question 6: What are the advantages of fertilizers?
Answer: Advantages of Fertilisers:
- Fertilizers give quicker results compared to manure.
- Use of fertilizers has helped farmers in significantly improving farm yield.
Question 7: Write a short note on storage of crops.
Answer: Proper storage of harvested crop is important to prevent damage from moisture and pests. Grains are sun dried before being stored. Grains are stored in silos. Silos can be of varying heights; ranging from one meter to several meters. Fruits and vegetables are stored in cold storage. Suitable pesticides are used while storing grains. Neem leaves are also used as pesticides.
Question 8: Write a short note on crop rotation.
Answer: In this method, a legume crop is sown between two successive cereal crops. Legume plants harbor rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules. These bacteria help the plants in nitrogen fixation in soil. Thus, growing a legume crop helps in replenishment of nutrients in soil.
Question 9: What are the advantages of manure?
Answer: Advantages of Manure:
- Manure increases nutrients in soil.
- It improved soil texture.
- It improves water retaining capacity of soil.
- It is free of any toxic material and thus is environment friendly.
Question 10: Explain the structure and working of hoe.
Answer: This is used for leveling the soil and for removing weeds. This is made of iron or wood. It is a long beam with a handle. A sharp blade is fixed on one end. This is usually pulled by animals. A hoe is used for leveling the field.