Class 11 Biology

Animal Kingdom

CLASS OSTEICHTHYES

Catla

Reproduction: These are dioecious animals. Fertilization is usually external and development is direct. Most of the bony fishes are oviparous.

Examples from Marine Habitat: Exocoetus (Flying fish), Hippocampus (Sea horse)

Examples from Freshwater Habitat: Labeo (Rohu), Catla (Katla), Clarias (Magur) Aquarium Betta (Fighting fish), Pterophyllum (Angel fish).

CLASS AMPHIBIA

Frog

Reproduction: These are dioecious animals. Fertilization is external and development can be direct or indirect. These are oviparous animals.

Common Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), Salamandra (Salamander), Ichthyophis (Limbless amphibia).

CLASS REPTILIA

Krait Snake

Reproduction: These are dioecious animals. Fertilization is internal and development is direct. These are oviparous animals.

Common Examples: Chelone (Turtle), Testudo (Tortoise), Chameleon (Tree lizard), Calotes (Garden lizard), Crocodilus (Crocodile), Alligator (Alligator). Hemidactylus (Wall lizard), Poisonous snakes – Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper).

CLASS AVES

Eagle

Endoskeleton

The endoskeleton is composed of bones. Long bones are pneumatic, i.e. are hollow with air cavities. Air cavities in the long bones help in weight reduction and this is an important flight adaptation. Crop and gizzard are the additional chambers in the digestive tract.

Heart

There are four chambers in the heart. They are warm-blooded (homoiothermous) animals. Respiration is by lungs, and air sacs (connected to lungs) supplement respiration.

Reproduction: These are dioecious animals. Fertilization is internal and development is direct. They are oviparous animals.

Common Examples: Corvus (Crow), Columba (Pigeon), Psittacula (Parrot), Struthio (Ostrich), Pavo (Peacock), Aptenodytes (Penguin), Neophron (Vulture).

CLASS MAMMALIA

Langur

Heart

There are four chambers in the heart. They are warm-blooded animals, which means they can control their body temperature and do not depend on environment for that. Respiration is by lungs.

Reproduction

They are dioecious animals. Fertilization is internal and development is direct. Most of them are viviparous.

Oviparous Mammals: Ornithorhynchus (Platypus)

Viviparous Mammals: Macropus (Kangaroo), Pteropus (Flying fox), Camelus (Camel), Macaca(Monkey), Rattus (Rat), Canis (Dog), Felis (Cat), Elephas (Elephant), Equus (Horse), Delphinus (Common dolphin), Balaenoptera (Blue whale), Panthera tigris (Tiger), Panthera leo (Lion).

4 Classes of Tetrapoda: