Class 12 Chemistry

Electrochemistry

NCERT Solution
Part 1

Question 1: Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from the solution of their salts. (Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn)

Answer: Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag

Question 2: Given the standard electrode potentials.

K+/K = -2.93 V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80 V, Hg2+/Hg = 0.79 V, Mg2+/Mg = -2.37 V, Cr3+/Cr = -0.74 V

Arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.

Answer: We know that reducing power of a metal increases with increase in oxidation potential. So, correct order is Ag > Hg > Cr > Mg > K

Question 3: Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction `Zn(s)+2Ag^(+)(aq)→Zn^(2+)(aq)+2Ag(s)` takes place. Further show

Answer: The cell is represented as follows:

`Zn(s)|Zn^(2+)(aq)||Ag^(+)(aq)|Ag(s)`

Anode (negatively charged electrode): Zinc electrode

Current will flow from silver to copper in the external circuit.

Reactions at each electrode are as follows:

Anode: `Zn(s)→Zn^(2+)(aq)+2e^(-)`

Cathode: `2Ag^(+)(aq)+2e^(-)→2Ag(s)`

Question 4: Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reaction takes place:

`2Cr(s)+3Cd^(2+)(aq)→2Cr^(3+)(aq)+3Cd`

`Fe^(2+)(aq)+Ag^(+)(aq)→Fe^(3+)(aq)+Ag(s)`

Calculate the ΔTGΘ and equilibrium constant of the reactions.

Answer: `E_(ce\ll)^Θ=E_(ca\th\od\e)^Θ-E_(an\od\e)^Θ`

`=-0.40V-(-0.74V)=0.34V`

`Δ_T\G°=-nF\E_(ce\ll)^Θ`

`=-6xx96500 C mo\l^(-1)xx0.34 V`

`=-196860` C V mol-1`=-196.86` kJ mol-1

`Δ_TG°=-2.303` RT log K

Or, `196860=2.303xx8.314xx298` log K

Or, log K = 34.5014

Or, K = Antilog `34.5014=3.172xx10^(34)`

`E_(ce\ll)^Θ=0.80V-0.77V=0.03` V

`Δ_T\G°=-nF\E_(ce\ll)^Θ`

`=-1xx96500xx0.03`

`=-2895 J mo\l^(-1)=-2.895` kJ mol-1

`Δ_TG°=-2.303` RT log K

Or, `-2895=-2.303xx8.314xx298xx` log K

Or, log K= 0.5074

Or, K = Antilog (0.5074) = 3.22

Question 5: Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K.

Mg(s)|Mg2+ (0.001 M)|| Cu2+ (0.001 M)|Cu(s)

Answer: Cell Reaction

`Mg+Cu^(2+)→Mg^(2+)+Cu(n=2)`

Nernst equation:

`E_(ce\ll)=E_(ce\ll)^Θ-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\([Mg^(2+)])/([Cu^(2+)])`

`=0.34-(-2.37)-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g(10^(-3))/(10^(-4))`

`=2.71-0.02955=2.68` V

Fe(s)|Fe2+(0.001 M)||H+(1 M)|H2(g)(1 bar)|Pt(s)

Answer: Cell reaction:

`Fe+2H^(+)→Fe^(2+)+H_2(n=2)`

Nernst equation:

`E_(ce\ll)=E_(ce\ll)^Θ-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\([Fe^(2+)])/([H^(+)]^2)`

`=0-(-0.44)-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\(10^(-3))/((1)^2)`

`=0.44-(0.0591)/2xx(-3)`

`=0.44+0.0887=5.287` V

Sn(s)|Sn2+(0.050 M)|| H+(0.020 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s)

Answer: Cell reaction:

`Sn+2H^(+)→Sn^(2+)+H_2(n=2)`

Nernst equation:

`E_(ce\ll)=E_(ce\ll)^Θ-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\([Sn^(2+)])/([H^(+)]^2)`

`=0-(-0.14)-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\(0.05)/(0.02)^2`

`=0.14-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\125`

`=0.14-(0.0591)/(2)(2.0969)=0.075` V

Pt(s)|Br-(0.10 M)|Br2(l)||H+(0.030 M)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s)

Answer: cell reaction: `2Br^(-)+2H^(+)&Br_2+H_2(n=2)`

`E_(ce\ll)=E_(ce\ll)^Θ-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g\(1)/([Br^(-)]^2[H^(+)]^2)`

`=0-1.08-(0.00591)/(2)lo\g\(1)/((0.01)^2(0.03)^2)`

`=-1.08-(0.0591)/(2)lo\g(1.111xx10^7)`

`=-1.08-(0.0591)/(2)xx7.0457`

`=-1.08-0.208=-1.288` V

Question 6: In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place.

`Zn(s)+Ag_2O(s)+H_2O(l)``→Zn^(2+)(aq)+2Ag(s)+2OH^(-)(aq)`

Determine ΔTGΘ and EΘ for the reaction.

Answer: Here, Zn is oxidized and Ag2O is reduced

Ecell°=EAg2O|Ag° - EZn|Zn2+°

`=0.344+0.76=1.104` V

`ΔG=-nF\E_(ce\ll)`

`=-2xx96500xx1.104` J

`=-2.13xx10^5` J

Question 7: Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss their variation with concentration.

Answer: Conductivity: Conductance of a solution of 1 cm length and having 1 sq cm as area of cross-section is called conductivity of the solution.

Molar Conductivity: Molar conductivity is the conductivity of the solution divided by molar concentration of the solution. It is given by following equation.

`λ_m=κ/c`

If the unit of conductivity is S m-1 and the unit of concentration is mol m-3 then unit of λm is S m2 mol-1

Variation of Conductivity and Molar Conductivity with Concentration

Conductivity always decreases with decrease in concentration of both, weak and strong electrolytes. This happens because the number of ions per unit volume decreases on dilution.

Molar conductivity of a solution increases with a decrease in concentration. This happens because the total volume V of solution containing one mole of electrolyte also increases. When concentration approaches zero, the molar conductivity is known as limiting molar conductivity.

Question 8: The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.248 S cm-1. Calculate it molar conductivity.

Answer: `Λ_m=(κxx1000)/text(Molarity)`

`=(0.0248 S cm^(-1)xx1000 cm^3L^(-1))/(0.20 mo\l L^(-1))`

`=124` S cm2 mol-1

Question 9: The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 &Ohm;. What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.146 `xx` 10-3 S cm-1.

Answer: Cell constant `= text(Conductivity)/text(Conductance)`

= Conductivity `xx` Resistance

`=0.146xx10^(-3) S cm^(-1)xx1500 &Ohm;`

`=0.219` cm-1

Question 10: The conductivity of sodium chloride at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below:

Concentration(M)0.0010.0100.0200.0500.100
102 `xx` κ/S m-112.3711.8523.1555.53106.74

Calculate Λm for all concentrations and draw a plot between Λm and C1/2. Find the value of Λm&Deg;.

Answer:

Concentration(M)0.0010.0100.0200.0500.100
102 `xx` κ/S m-112.3711.8523.1555.53106.74
Λm123.7118.5115.8111.1106.7
`c^(1/2)(M^(1/2))`0.03160.1000.1410.2240.316
graph molar conductivity

Here, Λ° = 124.0 S cm2 mol-1