Class 10 Economics


Sectors of Indian Economy NCERT In Text Questions

Part 1

Question 1: Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors: (Tailor, Basket weaver, Flower cultivator, Milk vendor, Fishermen, Priest, Courier, Workers in match factory, Money lender, Gardener, Potter, Bee-keeper, Astronaut, Call centre employee)

Answer: Primary Sector: Basket weaver, Flower cultivator, Milk vendor, Fishermen, Money lender, Gardener, Potter, Bee-keeper

Secondary Sector: Workers in match factory

Tertiary Sector: Tailor, Priest, Courier, Money lender, Astronaut, Call centre employee

Answer the following questions:

Question 2: Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text.

Answer:

Primary SectorSecondary SectorTertiary Sector
It is involved with agriculture and direct use of natural resources.It is involved with large scale processing of natural resources; aimed at value addition.It is involved with supporting the activities of primary and seconary sectors.
Example: Farming, apiculture, cattle farming, etc.Example: Iron and steel industry, sugar mill, shoe factory, etc.Example: Banking, transportation, BPO, consultancy, etc.

Question 3: What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?’

Answer: During early civilization all economic activity was in primary sector. When the food production became surplus people’s need for other products increased. This led to the development of secondary sector. The growth of secondary sector spread its influence during industrial revolution in nineteenth century. After growth of economic activity a support system was the need to facilitate the industrial activity. Certain sectors like transport and finance play an important role in supporting the industrial activity and comprised the tertiary sector.

Question 4: Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this Jumble. (To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years. Since we shouldn’t leave out anything we add up all these goods and services.)

Answer: Since we shouldn’t leave out anything we add up all these goods and services. To count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years.

Answer the following questions:

Question 5: Which was the largest producing sector in 1971-72?

Answer: Primary sector

Question 6: Which is the largest producing sector in 2011-12?

Answer: Tertiary sector

Question 7: Can you say which sector has grown the most over thirty years?

Answer: Tertiary sector

Question 8: What was the GDP of India in 2011?

Answer: About 5,000,000 crore (in Rs)

Question 9: Underemployment occurs when people

  1. Do not want to work
  2. Are working in a lazy manner
  3. Are working less than what they are capable of doing
  4. Are not paid for their work

Answer: (c) Are working less than what they are capable of doing

Question 10: Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kind of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?

Answer: In case of developed countries, the evolution of the economy happened on the most logical pattern. Growth in the primary sector was followed by a growth in the secondary sector. After that, the growth of the tertiary sector followed. The employment generation also kept pace with related changes in different sectors.

The case of India is somewhat different. The growth of the primary sector was not followed by the growth of the secondary sector, rather it was the tertiary sector which took the lead. But employment generation in either the secondary or tertiary sector could not keep pace. Still a larger number of people depend on the primary sector for employment; compared to the other two sectors. This shows a disturbing trend because the primary sector is beset with the problem of hidden unemployment.